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Writing for Journalists

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how to write for popular print publications

You don’t have to be a journalist to read this book. Anyone with an interest in improving their writing skills and developing a sense of good style will find it useful. Wynford Hicks takes a no-nonsense, sleeves rolled up approach to writing for journalists which has no time for preciousness. It’s based on the supposition that you simply have to get down to the task, start writing, and you must be prepared to hack around and edit what you produce. He starts logically enough with how to introduce stories – how to grab a reader’s attention. There’s lots of advice on the structure of news reporting, plus tips on clarity, consistency, and avoiding cliché.

Writing for Journalists This is followed by a chapter on writing feature articles which shows you how to keep readers interested – how to stay bright and fresh in print. He also emphasises the importance of adapting your style to suit the publication. Almost every point is illustrated with an example drawn from newspapers or popular magazines. This brings the instructions to life, but you have to put up with a lot of the ‘celebrity profile’ writing that clogs Sunday supplements.

His main focus is on how to write a news story which is informative and interesting for readers. But he also includes tips on feature writing – from agony columns to profiles and product round-ups to obituaries. There’s also a chapter on how to research, structure and write reviews. He ends with a cluster of advice tips related to good style – and how to cultivate it. There’s also a useful glossary of the jargon of journalism.

This book will be useful to anybody who wants to develop a feel for what is required in popular journalism. It can hold its own alongside Harold Evans’ Essential English for Journalists or Keith Waterhouse’s Waterhouse on Newspaper Style in this respect. General readers meanwhile can pick up useful tips from the professionals.

© Roy Johnson 2008

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Wynford Hicks, Writing for Journalists, London: Routledge, 2nd edition 2008, pp.208, ISBN: 0415460212

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Writing for magazines

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a selection of resources reviewed

Writing for magazines can be both more profitable and less time-consuming than other forms of journalism. But you need to identify your topic of interest and match it to the most suitable publication. These guides will help you to get an idea of the marketplace.

How to Write Articles for Newspapers and Magazines
This guide contains ten chapters dealing with getting started (generating ideas and focusing on the subject), gathering information (fact versus opinion, observation, interview), writing the effective article lead, and a sample query letter when suggesting an article to a publisher. It explains how to write newsworthy and interesting articles, how to do research, journalistic techniques, interviewing strategies, and common grammar, usage, and spelling errors.
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Writers & Artists Yearbook The Writers’ and Artists’ Year Book
It doesn’t matter which branch of journalism, creative writing, or media publishing you wish to pursue, before you have gone very far you will need this book. It’s a compendium of contact details for agents, agencies, editiorial offices, and publishers in all fields. Book and magazine publishers, newspapers, theatrical agents, picture agencies, and publicists. Plus there are essays written by professional writers on everything from selling your manuscripts to dealing with tax problems when you win the Booker Prize. Updated every year.
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The Freelance Writer’s Handbook
The subtitle to this guide probably explains its popularity – How to Make Money and Enjoy your Life. Now in a fully updated third edition, this is the essential book for everyone who dreams of making money from their writing. It will appeal to all aspiring writers, whether they want to write as a full time profession, or simply to supplement their existing income through writing. This inspiring guide will also benefit professional writers and journalists who want ideas on how to find new markets for their work.
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The Successful Writer’s Guide to Publishing Magazine Articles
This guide gives you the latest trends, how-to instruction, and marketing essentials to write for magazines. If you want to make your dream of extra income, having your own business, seeing your name in print and/or becoming a writer, writing for magazines will do it for you. All you have to do is write and follow some simple recommendations – and of course practise your writing skills.
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The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Publishing Magazine Articles
The title sounds slightly offensive, but in fact the advice on offer here is very sensible. It provides advice to aspiring journalists on how to write effective feature articles, and explains how to sell the articles to newspapers, magazines, and trade publications. Suitable for beginners, it explains how to survive as a freelance writer.
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Writing Feature Articles: A Practical Guide to Methods and Markets
This shows you how to write articles for a wide variety of newspapers and magazines. It analyses a variety of published articles to show what makes them succeed for their audiences. The book provides information on: formulating and developing ideas; studying the markets and shaping ideas to fit them; researching and organizing material; and matching language and style to the subject matter.
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You Can Write for Magazines
From local publications to national magazines, Greg Daugherty takes the mystery out of magazine article writing. Starting with an introduction on how magazines work, the book shows how to land assignments and avoid common mistakes. He also covers technical details such as how manuscripts should be formatted. Concise and readable.
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Writing for Magazines
This guide discusses surveying the field, ideas, research, style and structure, selling work, interviewing, supplying pictures and problem solving. It includes a section on electronic aids for the magazine writer. Written mainly for the novice writer. Jill Dick gives hints and tips on how to generate ideas for articles, which markets to aim for, how to start your research, and much more.
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The Magazine Writer’s Handbook
For all writers of magazine articles and short stories, this guide provides detailed information about 70 British magazines and comments on many more. The author examines typical issues and offers clear and concise information on many aspects, including subject, readership and payment. There’s also a pre-submission checklist and an expanded chapter listing the ‘small press’ magazines.
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© Roy Johnson 2009

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Writing for newspapers

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a  selection of resources reviewed

Writing for newspapers is probably the hardest form of journalism to break into. That’s because newspapers have traditionally been run by ‘closed shop’ unions. They are now also threatened by falling sales as digital publishing grows. But that means they will be forced to rely on freelance writers as they shed staff. These guides will give you invaluable advice on how to deal with editors and newsrooms.

Writing for NewspapersThe Writers’ and Artists’ Year Book
It doesn’t matter which branch of journalism, creative writing, or media publishing you wish to pursue, before you have gone very far you will need this book. It’s a compendium of full contact details for agents, agencies, editiorial offices, and publishers in all fields. Book and magazine publishers, newspapers, theatrical agents, picture agencies, and publicists. Plus there are essays written by professional writers on everything from selling your manuscripts to dealing with tax problems when you win the Booker Prize. It’s updated every year.
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Freelance Writing for Newspapers
This deals with the importance of marketing and knowing your readers, first contact with editors, how to write regular columns and features, reviewing, interviewing and meeting deadlines – and how to acquire an inexhaustible flow of ideas. There is information on the essential business of writing including rights (and wrongs), tax, plagiarism, keeping records, rates of pay (and how to get paid), syndication, the power of the press, official organizations to help you, and more. Detailed chapters cover style, research, making the Internet work for you and the rewards of rewriting.
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The Freelance Writer’s Handbook
It’s the subtitle which makes this book so popular – How to Make Money and Enjoy your Life. Now in a fully updated third edition, this is the essential book for everyone who dreams of making money from their writing. It will appeal to all aspiring writers, whether they want to write as a full time profession, or simply to supplement their existing income through writing. This inspiring guide will also benefit professional writers and journalists who want ideas on how to find new markets for their work.
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The Elements of Journalism
This sets out the fundamental questions that all journalists face as they compile their stories. Is journalism’s first obligation the truth? How should journalists exercise their personal conscience? Must its practitioners maintain their independence from those they cover? This is looking at the basic principles of journalism, rather than ‘how to do it’ or how to get published.
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Print Journalism
This is a collection of essays by former journalists all now teaching in universities. They cover all aspects of newspapers, magazines, and journals: who owns them; how they work; and how to write for them. Would-be journalists are given a detailed breakdown of news features, and more importantly how to successfully pitch your ideas to editors, then how to write them if and when they are accepted. Also included is a detailed look at reporting, how news is gathered, the role of editors, and how to make your own writing as a freelancer more likely to be successful. This covers its subject from A to Z.
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Essential English for Journalists, Editors, and Writers
Written by former Sunday Times editor Harold Evans, this is an excellent guide to improving the efficiency of your writing by what he calls ‘a process of editorial selection, text editing, and presentation’. He describes the various responsibilities for writing in the newsroom, but then settles down to his main subject – the crafting of good prose – where he is quite clearly at home. There’s plenty of good advice on sentence construction, editing for clarity, choice of vocabulary, avoiding obscurity and abstraction, plus eliminating vagueness and cliche. It’s a book packed with practical examples, written by a very experienced professional.
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How to Write Articles for Newspapers and Magazines
This contains ten chapters dealing with getting started (generating ideas & focusing on the subject), gathering information (fact vs. opinion, observation, interview), writing the
effective article lead, and a sample query letter when suggesting an article to a publisher. This little book really is focused on how to get published.
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The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Publishing Magazine Articles
This offers advice to aspiring journalists on how to write effective feature articles, and explains how to sell the articles to newspapers, magazines, and trade publications. Suitable for beginners, it explains how to survive as a freelance writer. Take the mystery out of selling your ideas to magazine, newspapers, and web sites by reading this book. It explains who hires writers, what editors want from freelancers, how much you can expect to be paid, how you can write effective query and pitch letters, and how the Internet can help your writing career take off.
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Writing Feature Articles: A Practical Guide to Methods and Markets
This shows you how to write articles for a wide variety of newspapers and magazines, and examines the different techniques required. It analyses a variety of published articles to show what makes them succeed for their audiences. The book provides information on: formulating and developing ideas; studying the markets and shaping ideas to fit them; and researching then organizing your material.
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© Roy Johnson 2009

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Writing for the Internet

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beginner’s guide to electronic writing skills

Oxford University Press have just brought out a series of short beginners’ manuals on communication skills. Their emphasis is on compact, no-nonsense advice directly related to issues of everyday life. Jane Dorner’s guide Writing for the Internet is for people who want to write effective text on web sites. There’s also an element of good design principles – because these considerations are inseparable if you are writing for the screen.

Writing for the Internet The topics she covers include the need for clarity, directness, and chunking; how to make text legible on a computer monitor; keeping in touch with the audience; good web page design; and – most importantly – how writing for the web differs from writing for print media. She is particularly good on what’s new about writing web pages, and she tells you what is required without drowning you in IT jargon or the technical details of HTML coding.

There’s a lot of good advice on editing, and how to use your word processor to better effect. She also has some interesting things to say about punctuation – particularly the influence of email conventions on writing for the screen.

There are also lots of excellent tips along the way – such as printing out your work with double line spacing in an unusual font. This makes it easier to spot mistakes. She also quite rightly advises against editing web pages in Microsoft Word, because it will add lots of unnecessary code.

Writers new to the Internet may be surprised to learn that one of the main skills required is that of summarising, and the guidance notes are right to draw attention to this. This means writing condensed, accurate, and descriptive titles for pages; succinct paragraphs; one or two-word section titles; and hyperlinks which say more than just “Click here”.

For academic and professional writers there are some interesting notes on how to show quotations and references, plus why you need to need to manually check sorted lists and indexes.

She describes how to approach the design of a site by using three examples – a set of personal home pages, a commercial site (brochureware) and a community site. She also provides tips on how to get the basic navigation right, then finishes with a series of checklists, notes on style, web resources, and a glossary of terms.

The chapters of this book are short, but almost every page is rich in hints, tips, and quotes in call-out boxes; and there are suggestions for further reading. The strength of this approach is that it avoids the encyclopedic volume of advice which in some manuals can be quite frightening.

Jane Dorner scored a big success with her previous book The Internet: A Writer’s Guide. Her latest is strongly recommended for anyone who wants to start writing Web pages and communicating effectively on the Internet.

© Roy Johnson 2002

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Jane Dorner, Writing for the Internet, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp.128, ISBN: 0198662858

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Writing for the Web

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a selection of resources reviewed

The first thing you need to know about writing for the Web is that it’s not the same as writing for print publication. This is because reading on screen and on the page are different. Text is not as sharp on a monitor as it is when printed with ink on paper.

Most people find reading on screen quite tiring. For this reason, you need to break up what you have to say into short chunks. And your sentences should be shorter than normal too. This might affect your normal writing style.

Writers new to the Internet may be surprised to learn that one of the main skills required is that of summarising. This means writing condensed, accurate, and descriptive titles for pages; succinct paragraphs; one or two-word section titles; and hyperlinks which say more than just “Click here”.

Writing for the WebWriting for the Internet
Jane Dorner’s book is probably one of the best places to start. This is for people who want to write effective text on web sites. There’s also an element of good design principles – because these considerations are inseparable if you are writing for the screen. The topics she covers include the need for clarity, directness, and chunking; how to make text legible on a computer monitor; keeping in touch with the audience; good web page design; and – most importantly – how writing for the web differs from writing for print media.
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Hot Text - Click for details at AmazonHot Text: Web Writing that Works
If you want to look into the issues of chunking, summarising, and labelling in more detail, Jonathan and Lisa Price’s book is the most thorough approach to Web writing I have come across. It’s aimed principally at technical authors, but the book is so good anyone can profit from the principles they are offering.

It’s packed with good examples of how to produce efficient writing – leading with punch lines; reducing ambiguity; how to write menus; creating the right tone; how to arrange bulleted lists; and where to place links grammatically for best effect. They cover a wide range of digital genres – web marketing copy, news releases, email newsletters, webzine articles, personal resumes, Weblogs – and they even provide tips for would-be job seekers.
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Creative Web Writing - book jacketCreative Web Writing
If you are mainly interested in traditional creative writing Jane Dorner has another book which shows you the skills you need if you want to put your writing onto the Internet. She is speaking to those people who have been creating poems and stories in their back rooms and getting nowhere. This guide covers collaborative story-telling, research online, interactivity and flexible text, as well as the nuts and bolts of styling for screen reading. Most importantly, she explains the range of new markets, new technologies, and how to apply them. Creative genres are covered, including autobiography, poetry, broadcasting, screen-writing and writing for children.

She also describes how to look carefully at contracts, how to submit your writing to an electronic publisher, and how to deal with Print on demand (POD) outlets.There’s a very useful survey of the various delivery methods and payments for eBooks. This is one of the most popular methods for aspiring authors to reach new readers. This section will be required reading if you are thinking of venturing into this world.

The central part of the book deals with new forms of writing using Web technologies. This is one field in which she has clearly done her homework. She shows examples of writing in the form of Blogs (Web-logs) email (epistolary) narratives, fictions illuminated by graphics, the weird world of MUDs and MOOs, Flash-animated writing, and phonetic poetry.
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© Roy Johnson 2009

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Writing Successful Academic Books

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writing, planning, and commercial skills

What exactly is a successful academic book? One which sells a lot of copies, or one which helps to promote your career? Most people would trade the first success for the long-term benefits of the second. Anthony Haynes starts his guide to scholarly authorship by considering the possible justifications for writing: financial, self-esteem, altruism, and even the desire to learn. But these are all rendered almost redundant by the current climate in the academic world. There is now an overwhelming requirement to publish – unless you want to end up in one of those mind-numbing departments of ‘Maintaining Academic Standards’ or ‘Human Resources and Professional Development’. Writing Successful Academic Books shows you how to avoid such a fate.

Writing Successful Academic BooksHe goes to some length explaining genre – a subject to which any aspiring writer ought to pay attention. For an academic book proposal to be acceptable, it needs to fit into a known category. There’s also a very upbeat account of the current state of digital publishing. His argument is that academic authors have everything to gain from online journals, eBooks, and Print on Demand. He doesn’t touch on Stevan Harnad’s argument for bypassing publishers by self-archiving research directly – but that’s understandable, given that his topic is print publishing.

Possibly the most difficult step on the publication ladder for would-be academic authors is the first rung – that is, successfully pitching a book proposal to an acquisitions editor in the publishing house. He suggests a very rigorous process of preparation for this step – and offers both a template and even more usefull the sample proposal for the book itself he pitched to Cambridge University Press. You can see quite clearly from the quality of the outline why it was successful.

Next comes the contract, which many first-time writers ignore – possibly because they are so relieved to have had their work accepted. His advice is quite clear. You should read the contract carefully, make sure you understand all its content, and even be prepared to ask for changes – some of which he offers as suggestions.

The best part of the book deals with the actual business of writing – that is, the creative activity which will produce the finished work. He’s quite right to emphasise the idea of process rathert thanproduct. Successful writing is not a one-stage activity: it requires preparation, planning, reflection, and a number of drafting stages to produce the text, then edit it and eliminate any flaws. He discusses a variety of strategies for generating the basic text, then shows how it can be edited by reduction, addition, and re-arranged before checking for mistakes.

After these issues of structure and production, he then goes on to consider some of the stylistic niceties of efficient writing – such as tone, choice of lexicon, and the relative elegance with which paragraphs can be started and ended. Much of this sort of thing is covered in other writing guides.

The section of Haynes’ book I found most interesting was how to get a publishable book out of a body of research, or ‘How to turn a dissertation into a monograph’. He outlines three approaches: i) start afresh on something new; ii) make minor revisions and prune the text; and iii) create a new proposal using re-purposed work. He recognises that pressures of acquiring tenure rules out the first, does not recommend the second, and then demonstrates how to make the third successful.

The latter part of the book is taken up with practical matters such as time management and how to deal with editors, proofreaders, indexers, and people who will design and market your book.

I once submitted my doctoral thesis for publication and was dismayed when it was not immediately snapped up. Of course, I can now see why not. I had not done any of the preparatory work of transforming it into a commercial product which is recommended here. If I had read this book then, I wouldn’t have made that mistake. And if you’re in that position now, you can avoid making it by following his advice.

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© Roy Johnson 2010

Anthony Haynes, Writing Successful Academic Books, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, pp.175, ISBN: 0521730740

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YouTube: an insider’s guide

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an insider’s guide to climbing the charts

YouTube didn’t start until 2005, but now it’s mainstream New Media. Why? Because it allows small time punters like you and me to upload video clips which – if they’re interesting enough – will be watched by millions of viewers. And that, if you work the system right, can be converted into a generated income. YouTube has gone from hobbyist niche to big business in just a few years. It was so successful, Google snapped it up for a cool $1.6 billion a year later, and now everyone from hobbyists and amateur daydreamers to semi-professional film makers is posting stuff up there – at the rate of ten hours of video every minute.

YouTube: an insider's guide If you’re not used to searching for stuff on YouTube, you’ll be amazed at the variety. There’s everything from instructional how-to films, reviews of new products, personal diaries, stand-up comedians, and extracts from movies, to recordings of live theatre and musical concerts. This is a book of technical guidance written by two insiders (or ‘Tubers as they call themselves) showing you how it’s done. They make their purpose very clear right from the start:

You don’t need money or corporate backing to go viral. You simply need a very good, or very bad, video and the know-how to get viewers to your video – both of which you will learn how to do in this book.

After a quick introduction they pitch straight into the main issue of how to make good short films – which is the very basic issue of storytelling. And the emphasis is on brevity. Your maximum upload is only ten minutes, but if you can’t make your point in two you’re dead.

Sometimes people get lucky and video their pet kitten just as it falls of a table chasing a fly, or they might capture a car just after the driver has turned up a one-way street. But these are just one-offs. This book assumes that you want to make regular short films until one gets you into the most-watched slot.

Actually, most of the instruction is already in the form of YouTube visual content. There are lots of clips available showing you how to direct and edit films. They also realistically assume that you want to do all this with minimum expense. That’s not a problem. You use yourself or your friends as actors, and you only need a cheap digital video camera. In fact professional film makers such as Mike Figgis and David Lynch already use them for creating full length feature films.

There’s also advice on microphones, lighting, props, background music, and of course editing. Then once you’ve got something to share, they show you how to create your own channel (profile) on YouTube, and how to customise it and start attracting viewers.

There’s a good chapter explaining the significance and differences between fair use, copyright, parody, remixes, and mashups – then on to the all important business of generating an audience. This can go from responding to visitor comments and participating in user groups and collaborative video projects, to all sorts of semi-legal and downright illegal hacks which can result in your account being suspended. YouTube does its best to make the popularity figures genuine for the materials it hosts.

The logical extension of all this is making money from your work – monetization if you want to use the current jargon. This can be done via YouTube’s partnership program or by running Google Ads. And finally, although they remain loyal ‘Tubers throughout, they end up by showing lots of alternative outlets where you can make your work available. There are also interviews with successful YouTubers who have gone viral and even landed jobs as the result of a two-minute spoof of some TV ad or pop promo.

© Roy Johnson 2008

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Alan Lastufka and Michael W. Dean, YouTube: an insider’s guide to climbing the charts, Sebastopol (CA): O’Reilly, 2008, pp.281, ISBN: 0596521146

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