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Content Syndication with RSS

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Sharing headlines and information using XML

Content syndication means making headlines and information from one web site available for distribution to any others that want it. This is done technically by using RSS, which stands for RDF Site Summary, Rich Site Summary, or Really Simple Syndication. If you need to go all the way, RDF stands for Resource Description Framework. Ben Hammersley first of all explains the separate standards which have arisen, taking them in chronological order.

Content Syndication with RSS Then he describes the software which has been written both to generate RSS feeds, and to receive and read them on screen. There’s also a short XML tutorial, as well as a list of useful sites and resources. Unfortunately there are two camps of competing standards, each with two current versions – rather like the early days of the browser wars.

Fortunately he covers them all in his description of how to use RSS and what it does. The separate standards are complex in their differences, and he obviously belongs to one of the rival camps promoting them; but he is even handed in his treatment, and gives them all comprehensive coverage.

Much of the book is rather technical, with pages full of coding; but anyone familiar with HTML or XML will feel pretty much at home.

He gives fully written out examples of pages in each of the standards. As in strict XML, there is a complete separation of style and content. This is because the recipient might be reading the news feed as part of a blog, on on a PDA, or even as a text message.

RSS is sprouting all over the Web at the moment. Wherever you see one of the small buttons saying “News Feed” or “XML Feed”, you have the ability to receive information from that site. And of course it’s all free.

This publication is aimed at web developers and web site authors who want to share their site with others by offering RSS-based feeds of their content. It’s also for developers who want to use the content that other people are syndicating. As usual with O’Reilly publications, the presentation is impeccable.

© Roy Johnson 2003

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Ben Hammersley, Content Syndication with RSS, Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly, 2003, pp.208, ISBN: 0596003838

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Developing Feeds with RSS and Atom

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web services for bloggers

What’s a ‘feed’? And what are RSS and Atom? Answer – a feed is the automatic distribution of information from someone’s blog or web site, and RSS (Really Simple Syndication) and Atom are the technologies which deliver this information to your desktop. A friend recently emailed me someone’s blog entry. It discussed in excited terms the emergence of Web 2.0 or the Semantic Web. This is the next development for the Web whereby computers will be able to understand the meaning of and the relationships between documents and other data. Automatic web ad blog feeds are one part of that development, and Ben Hammersley’s timely manual is an introduction to the technology involved.

Developing Feeds with RSS and AtomHe is a very active technology journalist and blogger, and he knows whereof he speaks. First he explains the history of how there came to be two competing sets of standards – which is more interesting than you might imagine from that description. The advantages of accepting automatic feeds from others are fairly obvious, but why supply your own? Hammersley is in no doubt: it increases traffic to your site; helps with search engine rankings; improves relations with your users; and makes the Internet an altogether richer place, pushing semantic technology along and encouraging reuse.

For reading other people’s feeds, he describes both the available web-based readers and downloadable software. You can even receive feeds as email or on a mobile phone.

The central section of the book describes a variety of feeds and shows you the scripts you might need to implement them I say ‘might’, because for most people all this will be done for you using templates at sites like Blogger and Moveable Type. However, knowing the code gives you more control – and it isn’t all that complicated if you know some basic HTML or XML.

Assuming that you wish to publish a feed from your own blog or web site, he devotes a handy chapter to showing you how to maximise the chances it will be circulated and read.

He ends by offering a collection of recipes for creating and using feeds to do things such as keeping track of “404 Page Not Found” errors on your web site; downloading your favourite comic strip each morning; generating your own wish list at Amazon; automatically checking web pages are W3C valid; and receiving regular weather forecasts for your area.

He ends with what is one of the hallmarks of these O’Reilly publications – a comprehensive and annotated list of tools and resources. Most of these are free – so if you are interested in receiving or publishing feeds, you can start right now.

© Roy Johnson 2005

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Ben Hammersley, Developing Feeds with RSS and Atom, Sebastopol: CA, O’Reilly, 2005, pp..253, ISBN 0596008813

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Dictionary of the Internet

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Internet jargon and IT technical terms explained

Do you know what a ‘dongle’, a ‘sandbox’, and a ‘Ponzi scheme’ are? The Internet and its technology is expanding at such a blistering rate, that it’s difficult to keep up. Sometimes it’s even hard to understand the terms in which it’s all described. This Dictionary of the Internet explains the thousands of new terms which have come into use during the last few years. This includes the abbreviations of the newsgroups, the language of e-commerce, and the scientific terms used to describe the technical and organisational structure of the Internet.

Dictionary of the Internet It provides terms on the Web itself, software technology, security, and the arcane language of hackers, whitehats, and alpha geeks. It gains its strength from concentrating in depth on the Internet and its infrastructure, rather than on general computing terms. Entries run from ‘above the fold’ – an expression taken from the newspaper industry which is now applied to Web design – to ‘Z order’ – the sequence in which layers are added to a graphic or a Web page.

In between, there’s a useful and very entertaining mixture of the language of bleeding edge technology [yes, that’s in] as well as the slang, vogue terms, and prolific coinings of newsgroups. Darrell Ince’s explanations are so thorough that some of them are like mini-tutorials. I read them through from first entry to last and learned something interesting on almost every page.

The book is issued with a CD which contains the full dictionary entries in a browsable format, with hyperlinks. There are also links to relevant websites. The dictionary is supported by a separate web site where updates for downloading are posted. This is a wonderfully rich compendium – as smack up to date as it’s possible to be.

© Roy Johnson 2003

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Darrel Ince, Dictionary of the Internet, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, pp.340, ISBN: 019280460X

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eBook Readers – compared

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a comparison chart of ebook reader features and prices

eBook readersKindle eBook Reader
Main features: 6″ diagonal E Ink® electronic paper display – weight 10 ounces (290 grams) – 1.5 GB storage – USB 2.0 port – supports multiple ebook formats – download via free built-in WiFi – 2 weeks battery life (reading) – holds up to 1,500 books 

UK=£176
US=$259

 

eBook readersSony Reader eBook Space
Main features: 6″ diagonal E Ink® electronic paper display – weight 260 grams – 192 MB storage expandable via MemoryStick or SD Card – supports multiple ebook formats – download with USB connection to PC via broadband – rechargeable battery – holds up to 160 ebooks 

UK=£275
US=$148

 

eBook readersBookeen Cybook Gen 3 eBook Reader
Main features: 5″ diagonal E Ink® electronic paper display – weight 260 grams – 512 MB storage (1,000 books) with optional SD card – supports multiple ebook formats – download with USB connection to PC via broadband – rechargeable battery – very light – mixed reviews 

UK=£180
US=$219

 


iRiver eBook readeriRiver eBook Reader
Main features: 6″ diagonal E Ink® electronic paper display – eBook reader, Office Viewer, MP3 Player, Voice recorder, Personal organizer – weight 500 grams – 2.0 GB storage with optional SD card – supports multiple ebook formats – download with USB connection to PC via broadband – rechargeable battery – full QUERTY keyboard 

UK=£195

 


BeBook eBook readerBeBook eBook Reader
Main features: 6″ diagonal E Ink® electronic paper display – weight 220 grams – 512MB storage (1,000 books) expandable to 4GB via SD slot – supports multiple ebook formats – download with USB connection to PC via broadband – rechargeable battery – preloaded with 150 free eBooks 

UK=£239

Red button eBooks on Writing and Study Skills

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ECDL: The Complete Coursebook

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coursebook for ECDL, or for improving computing skills

The European Computer Driving Licence (ECDL) is an internationally recognised certificate of computing skills. In a climate where employers are increasingly keen to employ staff with proven IT skills, the ECDL is highly regarded and provides proof of competence in the most common software applications. The licence is awarded to candidates who pass tests in seven modules, which together make up the ECDL syllabus.

  • Basic Concepts of IT
  • Using the Computer and Managing Files
  • Word Processing
  • Spreadsheets
  • Databases
  • Presentations
  • Information and Communication

This coursebook has been fully approved by the ECDL Foundation. If you can grasp these basic skills, you are well on your way to computer proficiency.

ECDL4: The Complete Coursebook It devotes a chapter to each of the modules and provides a comprehensive guide to some of the most common business applications. It’s written in clear, easy to follow language. It’s also jargon free and assumes little or no previous knowledge of the applications that it covers. Both the tests and the book are based on Microsoft software – and in particular Windows XP®, Internet Explorer 5® and Outlook Express 5®.

Although the ECDL modules are numbered, the tests can be taken in any order. However, the authors here assume readers will work through the sections in order. The earliest sections are aimed at the complete beginner and they explain basic computer terms and concepts. The later chapters provide less explanation of the basics.

Much of the material covered will be familiar to a regular computer user, but there are very clear explanations of, for example, the difference between ROM and RAM, and the meaning of bits and bytes. This is the only section of the coursebook that is entirely theoretical. Its aim is to prepare the reader for a multiple-choice test on the key concepts of Information Technology.

The rest of the book contains over 280 easy-to-follow exercises, which guide you through the various features of the relevant applications. Starting with the simplest of tasks, the exercises enable you to become familiar with the software before introducing its more advanced features. There are over 700 screen shots which show what the results should look like.

There are also plenty of hints and shortcuts, and it’s likely that even the most confident of computer users will pick up the odd little gem.

I used this book as preparation for my own ECDL tests. Since gaining the licence I’ve referred back to it many times to refresh my memory on various points and have found many of its hints and tips to be invaluable.

For anyone interested in taking the ECDL, this book contains everything you will need to pass. And it wouldn’t be wasted on those who simply want to improve their knowledge and skills in popular software applications.

More information about the ECDL is available from the official website at http://www.ecdl.com/

© Kathryn Abram 2003

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Paul Holden and Brendan Munnelly, ECDL4: The Complete Coursebook, Prentice Hall, new edition 2003, pp.640, ISBN 0130399175

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Facebook the missing manual

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complete guide to social networking

Facebook is flavour of the year in social networking terms right now. It didn’t start until 2004, and it already boasts a billion subscribers, with a user base which is claimed to be slightly more adult than that of My Space. But when you’ve posted all those snaps of yourself getting drunk at the parties – did you know that it’s quite difficult to take them down again just before that vital job interview? If you’re going to use Facebook and take it seriously, you need a guidance manual, and there hasn’t been one – until now. Facebook: the missing manual takes you through the whole process, step by step, from registering and creating your profile to joining networks and finding friends. And every one of those steps is spelled out in a commendably clear manner.

Facebook - The Missing ManualAuthor Emily Veer also reminds you at every stage that the attraction of being able to see the private details of other people’s lives means conversely that they can see yours. You should therefore think carefully about the information you make public.

Once you’ve made or located your friends, there’s a number of different ways of contacting them which are more subtle than a simple email message. You can ‘poke’ people (nudge them), ‘write on walls’ (make public statements inviting a response), and even send gifts. News feeds and blogs are built into the system, and you can participate in ‘groups’.

These groups can be based on a shared interest or hobby (physical astronomy or knitting) something you have in common (your old school), or even the locality where you live. Interestingly however, you are only allowed to join one group based on geographical location – so tough luck for second home owners.

Those are the main Facebook elements: next come the extensions to these basic functions. There’s a system of listing social (real world) events where you can arrange to meet friends. Then there’s a market place where you can place ads (which Facebook calls ‘listings’) so you can sell unwanted items (as on eBay) or buy from other people – all the while checking their credentials via what they post about themselves.

There’s also a system for job-finding and hiring people, or you can use Facebook’s bulletin boards and ‘notes’ feature to work on collaborative projects. And as on many other popular software systems, there are now free add-on applications (widgets and plug-ins) which can add functionality to the basic set-up.

The last section of the book returns, very responsibly, to the issue of privacy. Apart from showing you how to configure the advanced settings of your account, Veer recommends applying a simple rule: ‘Don’t put anything on view which you wouldn’t want your mother or your boss to know about you.” And remember that although at the time of writing Facebook is going through a re-design, it’s still very difficult to remove anything, once it’s up there.

Facebook   Buy the book at Amazon UK

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© Roy Johnson 2010

E.A. Vander Veer, Facebook: the missing manual, Sebastopol (CA): O’Reilly, 2nd edition 2010, pp.272, ISBN: 144938014X

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Home and Small Office Networking

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practical guide to building a home network on a budget

Many homes these days have a second or a spare computer; and more people than ever are either working from home or starting their own small businesses. For all of them, setting up a computer network can be the foundation for more efficient working. With links between your equipment, you can keep in touch with people in another room or out on the road. You can share information, keep everything updated from one desk, and share resources. But how would you go about doing it? Well, John Paul Mueller provides the advice and the tools you will need in Home and Small Office Networking his plain-speaking guide to setting up a computer network for small businesses on a budget. His approach is extremely thorough.

Home and Small Office NetworkingHe starts by helping you to define what you might need, how to set up a small office network, and the range of cheap options available. Did you know that it’s even possible to use the electrical wiring in your own home as the basis for the network? There’s plenty here on cabling, connections, and tips on the best equipment to choose. It might be a technically challenging task – but he takes you through step by step, passing on a lot of first-hand experience on the way.

He also spends quite some time on the software you will need for efficient administration of the system, as well as network security and maintenance. But the part which I suspect will appeal most to a lot of get-up-and-go entrepreneurs are the chapters on remote communications and connections via the Internet. These will allow you to share information and keep in touch with both mobile and home workers.

And he doesn’t neglect either the costs or the cost-effectiveness of building such a system. His goal is to help small businesses get the most from networking, and he both looks at the benefits and explains in easy-to-understand language how to design, protect, and maintain your network.

The main point of these books from the very successful Poor Richard series is that they provide the enthusiast, the amateur, and the small business with lots of budget-priced tools for development. They explain what to do in a jargon-free, no-nonsense manner, and they offer lists of free and bargain-level resources. Whether you’re in the next room or on the road, this book tells you how to set up an inexpensive network.

© Roy Johnson 2001

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John Paul Mueller, Poor Richard’s Home and Small Office Networking, Lakewood CO: Top Floor, 2001, pp.357, ISBN 1930082037

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Information Technology timeline

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milestones in IT development

1617. Scottish mathematician John Napier invents logarithms and constructs set of ‘rods’ or ‘bones’ for performing mechanical calculations.

1642. French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal constructs and demonstrates a mechanical adding machine.

1666. German mathematician Gottfried Leibniz writes on the value of binary numbers in De Arte Combinatore.

1694. Leibniz constructs first mechanical device to successfully perform all four arithmetic functions (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division).

1804. French engineer Joseph Jacquard develops punched card system for programming looms – weaving cloth to match a set of commands. Holes in the cards correspond to binary Open/Closed. This system of in-putting data into machines persists until 1960s

1823. English engineer Charles Babbage invents The Difference Engine – the first mechanical computer.

1834. Babbage designs and starts to build ‘Analytic Engine’ – Augusta Lovelace [Byron’s daughter] writes the first computer program.

1847. English mathematician George Boole publishes ‘Mathematical Analysis of Logic’ and uses the ideas of binary numbering to fuse logic with algebra.

1925. American engineer Vannevar Bush designs and builds the first multipurpose mechanical analogue computer.

1936. English mathematician Alan Turing puts together binary notation and Boolean logic to produce tests for mathematical probability. He proposes ‘Universal Turing Machine’ – a theoretical construct which contains all the logical and mathematical elements of what would be a modern analogue computer.

1940. American electrical engineer Claude Shannon uses Boolean logic to optimise relay-switching circuits in his MA thesis at MIT.

1945. Vannevar Bush publishes ‘As We May Think’ in Atlantic Monthly, outlining what we now call ‘hypertext’. Hungarian mathematician John van Neumann conceives the first stored computer program.

1948. First computer using stored program built at Manchester University. Turing’s proposal for a ‘Turing Computing Engine’.

1962. ‘Spacewar’ – first graphical computer game.

1968. Douglas Englebart demonstrates ‘windows’ and mouse in San Francisco.

1969. Myron Krueger develops first prototypes of virtual reality.

1974. Ted Nelson self-publishes Computer Lib and Dream Machines outlining his ideas on hypertext in paper form. Standard General Markup Language (SGML) first invented as a universal publishing language.

1975. Bill Gates and Paul Allen found Microsoft

1978. Philips and Sony introduce the laserdisk (analogue video)

1981. IBM introduces the first PC

1983. Microsoft launches its first version of Windows. Myron Krueger Artificial Reality

1984. Apple-Mac launched – DNS (Domain Naming System) introduced – Number of Internet hosts reaches 1,000

1985. Commodore Amiga launched (powerful graphics facility) – First Amstrad released in UK.

1987. Ted Nelson’s Literary Machines describes Project Xanadu – his scheme for electronic commerce and micro-payments. Hypercard (hypertext program) added to the Apple-Mac. Number of Internet hosts reaches 10,000

1989. Tim Berners-Lee develops Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and the World Wide Web at CERN in Geneva. Howard Rheingold’s Tools for Thought. Number of Internet hosts reaches 100,000

1990. Archie (search tool) released by McGill University. Microsoft launches Windows 3.0

1991. CERN launches the World Wide Web. Howard Rheingold’s Virtual Reality – an early work on the sociology of computer users. Gopher (search tool) released by University of Minnesota.

1992. Veronica (search tool) released by University of Nevada. Number of Internet hosts reaches 1,000,000

1993. Marc Andreessen, NCSA, and University of Illinois develop Mosaic – the first graphical interface to the WWW. A recorded 341,634 per cent growth rate in Web traffic.

1994. First eCommerce (shopping malls and banks) arrive on the Web, and Web traffic second only to FTP-data transfers. Linux 1.0 open source operating system released.

1995. First search engines developed. Sun launches JAVA programming.

1996. Browser wars begin between Netscape and Microsoft. Web censorship in China, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Germany, and New Zealand.

1998. Extensible Markup Language (XML) introduced. Dotcom boom takes off. Estimated size of Web – 320 million pages.

2000. Dotcom crash begins (April). Size of Web estimated at one billion pages.

2003. Google claims a searchable database of 3.6 billion web pages.

2005. Google claims a searchable database of 8.2 billion web pages.

2006. Google claims a searchable database of 25 billion web pages.

2008. Google claims a searchable database of 1.0 trillion (1,000,000,000,000) web pages.

© Roy Johnson 2009

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Internet Annoyances

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how to fix the most annoying things about going online

Everybody I know has problems with the Internet – and that includes professional writers and web developers. Preston Gralla has problems too: he’s the author of this book of fixes and solutions, and he’s been on line since the mid 1980s. What he offers are tips and reassurance which will help you out of the most common problems. He takes the clever approach of assuming that you are familiar with the basics of computing and goes straight to the problems which bug us all most frequently.

Internet Annoyances How to stop spam; how to get home networks to work; how to kill viruses. And it’s not all negative. There are plenty of tips on downloading free software to help you organise multiple email accounts, index your email, and solve connection problems. I particularly liked his ultra-direct approach. He simply names the annoyance in one paragraph, then goes straight to the fix which will cure it. There’s no excess fat here at all.

There’s plenty on home networking and wireless network annoyances. I’ve never heard of anyone yet who has managed to get set up in this respect without trouble. All his solutions are quick, simple, and clearly explained. If extra software is needed, he nearly always has an option for free downloads.

He has solutions for keeping up fast and efficient connections even when you are sharing networks with bandwidth hogging music downloaders and game-playing kids.

His scope covers all sorts of online and communications technology. How to send email to a mobile phone, for instance; how to do web-based price comparisons using a mobile; and how to get your mobile and laptop to talk to each other.

If you fancy setting up on the web or starting to blog, he gets straight to the issues you will need help with – from simple setup through to uploading pictures from your mobile phone directly onto your blog.

There are lots of really useful and sensible tips – such as how to customise toolbars, how to print just the text from a web page, how to access all the advantages of Firefox (that’s the free alternative to Internet Explorer) and how to customise the cookies your system accepts and rejects.

There are some suggestions I could hardly wait to try out. Free software which will search using all the search engines at the same time – and present the results in related categories. How to find all the hidden goodies in Google – such as searching and reporting back in foreign languages, plus finding news and pictures.

How about this. You can search the web and Amazon at the same time, so that in the results you see books related to the search topic. Neat idea, eh?

There’s also where you can get a free online security check; how to discover the true address of spoofed emails and web sites; plus how to protect yourself in the complex and murky world of online shopping and auctions, and how to find bargains on eBay by using cute tricks such as checking for mis-spelt terms (as in ‘Digital Camaras’)

The internal layout and design of this book is as graceful as all other O’Reilly publications. The jacket cover is awful: just disregard it. I predict this book will do well.

© Roy Johnson 2005

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Preston Gralla, Internet Annoyances, Sebastopol: CA, O’Reilly, 2005, pp.239, ISBN 0596007353

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iPhone UK: The Missing Manual

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the book that should have been in the box

If you buy an iPhone, the one thing you don’t get is a manual telling you how it works. Oh sure – you can download a PDF file from a web site , but as David Pogue, author of this excellent guide observes, “it’s largely free of details, hacks, workarounds, tutorials, humour, and any acknowledgement of the iPhone’s flaws. You can’t mark your place, underline, or read it in the bathroom.” As most people know by now, the iPhone has completely transformed handheld mobile devices. It combines everything you need in portable computing – email, Internet access, photo and audio-visual storage, address-book, MP3 player, GPS device (maps) stock exchange figures, and games. It’s the ultimate all-in-one portable device. I’ve bought two of these shirt-pocket miracles in the last few weeks – and the first thing I wanted after opening the box was a manual.

iPhone UK: The Missing ManualIt’s true, they’re very easy to use, but I still needed help with some of the basics. The main learning curve with the iPhone is the nested menu system – and that’s clearly explained here. Basically, you’ve just got to drill down from one screen to another to find your stuff. But the manual is well illustrated with photos and screenshots, so that you know exactly what you should be looking at.

One feature of the iPhone that has made them best-sellers is the navigation system. It’s all done by touching, tapping, and sliding your finger across the screen. In case you didn’t know, apart from the on/off switch and the volume control, there’s only one button on the iPhone, and you actually don’t need that very much. Everything is done with one finger touching the screen.

iphoneAnd nothing can go drastically wrong, so you don’t need to worry. It’s no wonder that these devices have become popular so quickly. Quite apart from the ultra-cool design, you can download games, extras, and software novelties with no trouble at all. Many of them are completely free or amazingly cheap. For instance, the ‘Brushes’ graphic design program used to produce these stunning pictures costs only £2.99. At this price you can afford to give things a try – and it’s no tragedy if you decide not to bother.

The manual covers all aspects of the phone, and it also gives you a full guide to iTunes – the site from which Apple hopes you will download most of your music files. They currently sell for around £0.79 per track – but companies such as Amazon are currently undercutting them at £0.49 per track in an effort to capture the market.

The iPhone is of course a miracle of mobile phone technology: you can have all sorts of options – from visual voice mail to chat programs and free texting. Of course, out of the box, you are tied in to the O2 network service, but if you feel up to the challenge, you can get round this by ‘jailbreaking’ the phone. That will allow you to change ringtones and wallpaper, as well as choose your own mobile network. Details of how to do it are available here

There are two other things I like about the Missing Manuals. One is that they are not slavishly uncritical. If there’s a shortcoming with the product, they’ll mention it. And two – they’ll show you how to get round the problem. There are call-out boxes packed with hints, tips, and hidden workarounds.

You can also download movies, audio books, games, podcasts, TV programmes. You can even couple up your iPhone to your TV and watch videos on a full size screen. That’s why these slender hand-held computers are now regarded as something of a Killer Ap – because they have the capacity to combine all online services into one user-friendly, affordable device.

But what about all the free programs and software mentioned in the book? They’ve thought of that too. The book has its own web site where the latest versions of shareware and freeware are listed.

© Roy Johnson 2009

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David Pogue, iPhone UK: The Missing Manual, O’Reilly UK, 3rd edition, 2009, pp.416, ISBN: 0955750628

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